Modulating the biological function of protein by tailoring the adsorption orientation on nanoparticles

Protein orientation in nanoparticle-protein conjugates plays a crucial role binding to cell receptors and ultimately, defines their targeting efficiency. Therefore, understanding fundamental aspects of the protein upon adsorption on surface nanoparticles (NPs) is vital for development clinically important protein-based nanomedicines. In this work, new insights effect different cytochrome c (cyt c) bound gold (GNPs) using various ligands its apoptotic activity reported. Time-of-Flight Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), electrochemical circular dichroism (CD) analyses are used investigate characteristics cyt structure functionalized GNPs. These studies indicate that position heme ring inside can be altered by changing chemistry A difference apoptosis inducing capability because GNPs observed. findings biological modulated NPs varying orientation. This study will impact rational design nanoscale biosensors, bioelectronics, based drugs.